习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义

Understanding Xi Jinping’s Educational Philosophy

建设社会主义现代化强国要求必须优先发展教育，同时要求教育自身现代化水平不断提高。改革开放以来，特别是党的十八大以来，我国先后提出了科技强国、制造强国、文化强国等一系列强国建设的战略目标和任务。而无论什么强国，都需要强有力的人才资源作支撑。无论是经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设还是生态文明建设，都离不开人力资源开发和人才培养。无论是实施乡村振兴战略、区域协调发展战略、还是可持续发展战略、军民融合发展战略等各种战略，都离不开教育发展的强有力支撑。建设教育强国是建设社会主义现代化强国的基础。社会主义现代化强国，不仅仅是指在某一方面、某个领域成为强国，而是要求在整体上成为强国。建设社会主义现代化强国，不仅要求在政治、经济、军事、文化等方面要强大起来，同时也要求把教育做大做强，办好大国教育、强国教育。

To build a great modern socialist country, we must prioritize and modernize our education. Since the reform and opening up in the later 1970s—and especially since the 18^th CPC National Congress—China has put forward a series of strategic objectives and tasks for strengthening itself in science, technology, manufacturing, and culture. But no matter what kind of powerhouse we want to build, strong human resources are needed to play the supporting role. Economic progress, political advancement, cultural growth, social evolution, and ecological conservation are all inseparable from human resources development and talent training. Likewise, the implementation of strategies for rural revitalization, coordinated regional development, sustainable development, and the military—civilian integration is also inseparable from the strong support of education. Building an educational powerhouse is the foundation for a great modern socialist country, which is not only strong in a certain field, but in all areas. To build a great modern socialist country, we must be strong politically, economically, militarily, and culturally, and make our education endeavor bigger, stronger, and more successful.

习言习语 Quote from Xi Jinping

要按照人才成长规律改进人才培养机制，‘顺木之天，以致其性’，避免急功近利、拔苗助长。”

—《在中国科公司第十七次院士大会、中国工程院第十二次院士大会上的讲话》，人民出版社2014版。

We should improve our talent training mechanisms in accordance with the inherent laws of talent cultivation. We should ‘accord a tree with the regularities in its environmental conditions to allow the manifestation of its nature’, avoiding seeking quick success and instant results, or ‘helping shoots grow by pulling seedlings up.”

—Speech at the 17^th Meeting of the Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 1`2th Meeting of the Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Chinese edition, People’s Publishing House, Beijing, 2014.

参考文献：

本书编写组，2023，《习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义》，北京：高等教育出版社。

广泛听取各种意见。“兼”有俱、同时之义。领导者在决策之前，一定要广泛听取各种意见，综合、吸纳其中的合理部分。它被认为是贤明领导者的基本特质之一。它要求领导者站在公正的立场上，无偏无私，虚怀若谷。这样，各方都能畅所欲言，提出合理建议，而领导者也能集思广益，权衡利弊，从而保障决策的正确和施策的畅通。

兼听 Listen to Both Sides

It means to listen to diverse points of view. Before making decisions, leaders must listen to all kinds of opinions and synthesize them so as to extract the most sensible arguments. That is deemed a basic characteristic of a wise and worthy leader. To do so, a leader must be fair, impartial, and open-minded. Only in this way can the parties concerned speak their minds and make rational suggestions, which, in turn, will enable a leader to benefit from various ideas, weigh the trade-offs, make correct decisions, and ensure their successful implementation.

引例 Citation:

◢兼听齐明，则天下归之。（《荀子·君道》）

（广泛听取意见，能够敏捷明智，天下人就会拥戴他。）

Listen to both sides and it will make one wise and well-informed, thus ensuring a broad support all over the land. (Xunzi)

参考文献：

中华思想文化术语编委会，2021，《中华思想文化关键词365》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

《骈拇》Webbed Toes

《骈拇》篇以“骈拇”为喻，揭示人类社会中过度造作与偏离自然之弊。庄子以此象征人为道德与制度的“赘疣”，批判滥用聪明、矫饰仁义的行为，指出此类人为规范已悖离“性命之情”，如“胶漆堡索”般束缚人的天性与自由。真正的自然之道，应在“不失其性命之情”，即顺应生命的本真与人情的常理。自三代以下，“奔命于仁义”“招仁义以挠天下”的现象，使人“残生伤性”，正是失道之证。庄子以此篇提醒世人：合乎自然，返归心灵与生命的原生态，方能达至人与自然、社会与个体的和谐共生，而这正是其深邃的生态哲学意旨所在。

The Chuang Tzu’s chapter “Webbed Toes” uses the metaphor of an artificial thumb to expose the evils of excessive artificiality and deviation from nature in human society. Zhuangzi uses this as a symbol for the“excretion” of artificial morality and institutions, criticizing the abuse of cleverness and the affectation of benevolence and righteousness. He points out that such artificial norms have strayed from the “the original form of the inborn nature”, binding human nature and freedom like “cords and knots, glue and lacquer”. The true Way of Nature lies in “not losing the original form of the inbornnature”, that is, conforming to the authenticity of life and the common sense of human nature. From the Three Dynasties onward, phenomena like “dashing headlong for benevolence and righteousness” and “preaching benevolence and righteousness and stirring up the world”have caused people to “blight their inborn nature and risk their lives for something”, serving as proof of this loss of the Way. Through this chapter, Zhuangzi reminds humanity that only by aligning with nature and returning to the primal state of the mind and life, can we achieve harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, society and the individual. This is precisely the profound ecological philosophical intent at its core.

引例 Citation：

◢“天下有常然。常然者，曲者不以钩，直者不以绳，圆者不以规，方者不以矩，附离不以胶漆，约束不以墨索。故天下诱然皆生而不知其所以生，同焉皆得而不知其所以得。”

（《庄子·骈拇》）

（“天下事物有它的本然真性。这本然真性就是：曲的不用钩，直的不用绳，圆的不用规，方的不用矩，黏合的不用胶漆，捆缚的不用绳索。所以天下事物自然生长却不知道怎样生长，各有所得却不知道怎样的原因。”）

“For in the world, there can be constant naturalness. Where there is constant naturalness, things are arced not by the use of the curve, straightened not by the use of the plumb line, rounded not by the compasses, squared not by T squares, joined not by glue and lacquer, bound not by ropes and lines. Then all things in the world, simple and compliant, live and never know how they happen to live; all things, rude and unwitting, get what they need and never know how they happen to get it.”

(The Complete Works of Zhuangzi. Webbed Toes)

参考文献：

陈鼓应，2016，《庄子今注今译》（上下册），北京：商务印书馆。

Burton Watson, The Complete Works of Zhuangzi, New York: Columbia University Press , 2013

〇 Exercise

Translate the following expression into English:

鹤长凫短。